Lake Cumberland vs. Kentucky
Comparative Trends Analysis:
Total Employment Growth and Change, 1969-2022
Introduction
Lake Cumberland vs. Kentucky
Lake Cumberland:
2022 Jobs = 101,620
2022 Percent of State = 3.82%
Kentucky:
2022 Jobs = 2,658,979
2022 Percent of U.S. = 1.25%
Employment numbers remain the most popular and frequently cited statistics used for tracking local area economic conditions and trends. The Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) employment estimates reported measure the number of full- and part-time wage and salary employees, plus the number of proprietors of unincorporated businesses. People holding more than one job are counted in the employment estimates for each job they hold. This means BEA employment estimates represent a job count, not a people count. Also, BEA employment is by place-of-work, rather than by place-of-residence. Jobs held by neighboring county residents who commute to Lake Cumberland to work are included in the employment count for Lake Cumberland.
Data Definition:
The BEA employment series for states and local areas comprises estimates of the number of jobs, full-time plus part-time, by place of work. Full-time and part-time jobs are counted at equal weight. Employees, sole proprietors, and active partners are included, but unpaid family workers and volunteers are not included. Proprietors employment consists of the number of sole proprietorships and the number of partners in partnerships. The description "by place of work" applies to the wage and salary portion of the series and, with relatively little error, to the entire series. The proprietors employment portion of the series, however, is more nearly by place of residence because, for nonfarm sole proprietorships, the estimates are based on IRS tax data that reflect the address from which the proprietor's individual tax return is filed, which is usually the proprietor's residence. The nonfarm partnership portion of the proprietors employment series reflects the tax-filing address of the partnership, which may be either the residence of one of the partners or the business address of the partnership. The employment estimates are designed to be consistent with the estimates of wages and salaries and proprietors' income that are part of the personal income series. The employment estimates are based on the same sets of source data as the corresponding earnings estimates and are prepared with parallel methodologies. Two forms of proprietors' income-the income of limited partnerships and the income of tax-exempt cooperatives-have no corresponding employment estimates.
Total Employment, 1969-2022
Total Employment, 1969-2022
Figure 1.
Figure 1 traces Lake Cumberland's annual total employment for the period 1969-2022 to illustrate total employment patterns over time. During this 54-year period, Lake Cumberland's total employment rose from 51,705 in 1969 to 101,620 in 2022, for a net gain of 49,915, or 96.54%.
Total Employment, 1969-2022
Total Employment, 1969-2022
Figure 2.
Figure 2 traces Kentucky's annual total employment for the period 1969-2022 to illustrate total employment patterns over time. During this 54-year period, Kentucky's total employment rose from 1,331,869 in 1969 to 2,658,979 in 2022, for a net gain of 1,327,110, or 99.64%.
Total Employment Indices (1969=100): 1969-2022
Total Employment Indices (1969=100): 1969-2022
Figure 3.
Figure 3 shows Lake Cumberland's total employment growth in a broader context by offering direct comparisons across time with Kentucky, the United States. The growth indices shown here express each region's total employment in 1969 as a base figure of 100, and the total employments in later years as a percentage of the 1969 base figure. This method allows for more direct comparison of differences in total employment growth between regions that may differ vastly in size.
Lake Cumberland's overall total employment growth was 96.54% over 1969-2022 trailed Kentucky's increase of 99.64%, and fell below the United States' increase of 133.32%.
Total Employment as a Percent of the Kentucky Total: 1969-2022
Total Employment as a Percent of the Kentucky Total: 1969-2022
Figure 4.
Another interesting and insightful way of highlighting the total employment growth of Lake Cumberland is to trace its individual percentage contributions to Kentucky's statewide total employment over time, as shown in Figure 4. A rising share means a region's total employment grew faster, or declined less, than Kentucky's total employment, while a declining share shows it grew more slowly.
In 1969, Lake Cumberland's total employment comprised 3.88% of Kentucky's total employment, while in 2022 it totaled 3.82% thereby yielding a -0.06% share-shift.
   
 
Total Employment Share-Shift
2022 vs. 1969
 
Share-
Shift*
 
2022
vs.
1969
-0.06%
=
3.82%
-
3.88%
 
   
Lake Cumberland Total Employment:
Annual Percent Change, 1970-2022
Lake Cumberland Total Employment:
Annual Percent Change, 1970-2022
Figure 5.
Figure 5 highlights the short-run pattern of Lake Cumberland's total employment growth by tracking the year-to-year percent change over 1970-2022. The average annual percent change for the entire 53-year period is also illustrated on this chart to provide a benchmark for gauging periods of relative high--and relative low--growth against the backdrop of the long-term average.
On average, Lake Cumberland's total employment grew at an annual rate of 1.30% over 1970-2022. Lake Cumberland posted its highest growth in 1971 (5.85%) and recorded its lowest growth in 1998 (-2.84%). In 2022, Lake Cumberland's total employment grew by 2.04%
Lake Cumberland Total Employment:
Annual Percent Change and Decade Averages Over 1970-2022
Lake Cumberland Total Employment:
Annual Percent Change and Decade Averages Over 1970-2022
Figure 6.
Over the past five decades some area development districts have experienced extreme swings in growth, and often such swings have tended to coincide with the decades themselves. Figure 6 again depicts the annual percent change in Lake Cumberland's total employment since 1970, but this time they are displayed with average growth rates for the decade of the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, 2010s, and 2020-2022.
During the 1970s, Lake Cumberland's annual total employment growth rate averaged 3.08%. It averaged 1.72% in the 1980s, 0.97% in the 1990s, 0.21% in the 2000s, 0.75% during the 2010s, 0.60% thus far this decade (2020-2022).
Total Employment Growth:
Average Annual Percent Change by Decade
Total Employment Growth:
Average Annual Percent Change by Decade
Figure 7.
Figure 7 compares the decade average growth rates for Lake Cumberland noted in the previous graph with the corresponding decade averages for Kentucky and the nation. As the chart reveals, Lake Cumberland's average annual total employment growth exceeded Kentucky's average during the 1970s (3.08% vs. 2.28%), surpassed Kentucky's average during the 1980s (1.72% vs. 1.15%), trailed Kentucky's average during the 1990s (0.97% vs. 1.96%), posted below Kentucky's average throughout the 2000s (0.21% vs. 0.28%), fell below Kentucky's average during the 2010s (0.75% vs. 0.93%), and fell below Kentucky's average over the 3 year period of the current decade, 2020-2022 (0.60% vs. 1.46%).
Finally, relative to nationwide total employment growth trends, Lake Cumberland outgained the nation during the 1970s (3.08% vs. 2.21%), recorded underneath the nation over the 1980s (1.72% vs. 1.88%), posted below the nation throughout the 1990s (0.97% vs. 1.73%), lagged the nation throughout the 2000s (0.21% vs. 0.74%), fell under the nation during the 2010s (0.75% vs. 1.51%), and posted below the nation over 2020-2022 (0.60% vs. 1.82%).
   
 
Total Employment Growth:
Average Annual Percent Change
 
 
 
1.30
3.08
1.72
0.97
0.21
0.75
0.60
2.04
 
1.33
2.28
1.15
1.96
0.28
0.93
1.46
3.94
 
1.62
2.21
1.88
1.73
0.74
1.51
1.82
4.78
 
   
Job Ratios (Employment/Population): 1969-2022
Job Ratios (Employment/Population): 1969-2022
Figure 8.
The job ratios shown in Figure 8 for Lake Cumberland, Kentucky and the nation not only portray a number of important trends, they also serves as a thumbnail guide to evaluating an economy's capacity to generate enough jobs fast enough to absorb the increasing number of workers attendant to a growing population. The job ratio is the number of full-time and part-time jobs by place of work, divided by population.
Nationally, the job ratio rose from 0.45 to 0.64 between 1969 and 2022. Lake Cumberland's job ratio registered 0.37 in 1969, and 0.49 in 2022. Underlying the rising job ratio over the past several decades have been the increases in the labor force participation rates, with the number and proportion of women in the labor market playing a leading role.
An assortment of other factors can contribute to regional differences in the job ratio. They include differences in the proportion of elderly and retirees who no longer work and participate in the labor force, differences in the number and proportion of part-time vs. full-time workers, differences in industry composition, and differences in age and sex distribution and degree of urbanization. Also, a disproportionate number of workers commuting to work outside a county tends to lower its local county job ratio, while a net inflow of workers commuting to work inside the county tends to augment its local county job ratio.
Avoid interpreting the job ratio as the fraction (or percent) of the local population employed. This interpretation should only apply to the "employment-population ratio" statistic compiled by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) from the Current Population Survey (CPS).
Job Ratios (Employment/Population)
as a Percent of the U.S. Average:
1969-2022
Job Ratios (Employment/Population)
as a Percent of the U.S. Average:
1969-2022
Figure 9.
To highlight trends in a local job ratio relative to nationwide trends, Figure 9 tracks Lake Cumberland's, Kentucky's job ratio as a percent of the national job ratio over 1969-2022.

Interactive TableTip: To augment your analysis click on the column headers in the following table to rank and/or sort the data.

   
 
Lake Cumberland:
Total Employment, 1969-2022
 
1969
 
51,705
100.0
N
3.88
0.37
80.85
1970
 
52,169
100.9
0.90
3.90
0.37
82.18
1971
 
55,223
106.8
5.85
4.06
0.38
85.56
1972
 
57,741
111.7
4.56
4.15
0.39
85.53
1973
 
59,864
115.8
3.68
4.10
0.39
83.95
1974
 
60,063
116.2
0.33
4.02
0.39
82.31
1975
 
59,263
114.6
-1.33
4.05
0.37
81.56
1976
 
62,724
121.3
5.84
4.12
0.39
83.02
1977
 
65,848
127.4
4.98
4.17
0.40
83.53
1978
 
69,126
133.7
4.98
4.20
0.41
83.44
1979
 
69,808
135.0
0.99
4.19
0.41
81.08
1980
 
69,302
134.0
-0.72
4.22
0.40
80.56
1981
 
71,750
138.8
3.53
4.39
0.42
82.88
1982
 
71,494
138.3
-0.36
4.43
0.41
83.50
1983
 
73,339
141.8
2.58
4.52
0.42
85.20
1984
 
73,500
142.2
0.22
4.38
0.42
81.63
1985
 
73,585
142.3
0.12
4.33
0.42
80.50
1986
 
74,378
143.9
1.08
4.29
0.43
81.50
1987
 
76,677
148.3
3.09
4.34
0.44
83.12
1988
 
79,922
154.6
4.23
4.40
0.46
84.68
1989
 
82,688
159.9
3.46
4.43
0.48
86.26
1990
 
84,067
162.6
1.67
4.41
0.48
86.89
1991
 
84,272
163.0
0.24
4.43
0.48
87.83
1992
 
86,552
167.4
2.71
4.44
0.48
89.80
1993
 
88,799
171.7
2.60
4.46
0.49
90.43
1994
 
90,005
174.1
1.36
4.42
0.49
89.50
1995
 
92,156
178.2
2.39
4.37
0.49
89.07
1996
 
91,771
177.5
-0.42
4.29
0.49
87.00
1997
 
92,019
178.0
0.27
4.20
0.49
85.58
1998
 
89,409
172.9
-2.84
4.02
0.47
81.48
1999
 
90,955
175.9
1.73
4.02
0.47
81.65
2000
 
94,588
182.9
3.99
4.10
0.49
83.30
2001
 
94,423
182.6
-0.17
4.13
0.48
83.43
2002
 
92,459
178.8
-2.08
4.08
0.47
81.92
2003
 
92,150
178.2
-0.33
4.05
0.47
81.35
2004
 
93,513
180.9
1.48
4.06
0.47
81.18
2005
 
94,970
183.7
1.56
4.06
0.47
80.87
2006
 
95,024
183.8
0.06
4.00
0.47
79.38
2007
 
95,899
185.5
0.92
3.97
0.47
78.71
2008
 
94,994
183.7
-0.94
3.95
0.46
78.22
2009
 
92,756
179.4
-2.36
3.99
0.45
79.23
2010
 
93,470
180.8
0.77
4.02
0.45
80.56
2011
 
97,357
188.3
4.16
4.11
0.47
82.85
2012
 
96,850
187.3
-0.52
4.05
0.47
81.89
2013
 
96,437
186.5
-0.43
4.01
0.46
80.69
2014
 
96,771
187.2
0.35
3.97
0.47
80.08
2015
 
96,376
186.4
-0.41
3.90
0.47
78.83
2016
 
97,225
188.0
0.88
3.89
0.47
78.96
2017
 
97,683
188.9
0.47
3.88
0.47
78.72
2018
 
99,022
191.5
1.37
3.89
0.48
78.84
2019
 
99,878
193.2
0.86
3.92
0.48
79.07
2020
 
97,709
189.0
-2.17
3.95
0.47
80.31
2021
 
99,590
192.6
1.93
3.89
0.48
78.58
2022
 
101,620
196.5
2.04
3.82
0.49
76.58
Source: Calculations by the Kentucky Regional Economic Analysis Project (KY-REAP)
with data provided by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis
November 2023
REAP_PI_CA1400_1000_PSN
 
   

Interactive TableTip: To augment your analysis click on the column headers in the following table to rank and/or sort the data.

   
 
Kentucky:
Total Employment, 1969-2022
 
1969
 
1,331,869
100.0
N
1.46
0.42
92.07
1970
 
1,336,200
100.3
0.33
1.46
0.41
92.35
1971
 
1,359,677
102.1
1.76
1.48
0.41
93.10
1972
 
1,391,733
104.5
2.36
1.48
0.42
92.57
1973
 
1,460,918
109.7
4.97
1.48
0.43
93.04
1974
 
1,495,502
112.3
2.37
1.49
0.44
93.26
1975
 
1,464,686
110.0
-2.06
1.48
0.42
91.99
1976
 
1,522,537
114.3
3.95
1.50
0.43
92.35
1977
 
1,578,785
118.5
3.69
1.50
0.44
92.39
1978
 
1,644,520
123.5
4.16
1.50
0.46
92.21
1979
 
1,665,068
125.0
1.25
1.47
0.46
90.70
1980
 
1,642,192
123.3
-1.37
1.44
0.45
89.34
1981
 
1,634,370
122.7
-0.48
1.42
0.45
88.92
1982
 
1,615,586
121.3
-1.15
1.42
0.44
89.00
1983
 
1,624,234
122.0
0.54
1.40
0.44
88.88
1984
 
1,676,458
125.9
3.22
1.39
0.45
88.76
1985
 
1,698,090
127.5
1.29
1.37
0.46
88.33
1986
 
1,733,268
130.1
2.07
1.37
0.47
89.41
1987
 
1,765,189
132.5
1.84
1.36
0.48
89.63
1988
 
1,815,845
136.3
2.87
1.36
0.49
90.33
1989
 
1,865,111
140.0
2.71
1.37
0.51
91.93
1990
 
1,906,123
143.1
2.20
1.38
0.52
93.11
1991
 
1,903,273
142.9
-0.15
1.38
0.51
94.00
1992
 
1,949,274
146.4
2.42
1.41
0.52
96.11
1993
 
1,992,841
149.6
2.24
1.42
0.52
96.52
1994
 
2,034,504
152.8
2.09
1.41
0.53
96.45
1995
 
2,109,525
158.4
3.69
1.43
0.54
97.69
1996
 
2,141,075
160.8
1.50
1.42
0.55
97.42
1997
 
2,188,877
164.3
2.23
1.42
0.55
97.70
1998
 
2,223,896
167.0
1.60
1.40
0.56
97.13
1999
 
2,264,164
170.0
1.81
1.40
0.56
97.34
2000
 
2,306,481
173.2
1.87
1.39
0.57
97.19
2001
 
2,283,616
171.5
-0.99
1.38
0.56
96.64
2002
 
2,263,400
169.9
-0.89
1.37
0.55
96.41
2003
 
2,273,294
170.7
0.44
1.37
0.55
96.54
2004
 
2,300,562
172.7
1.20
1.36
0.55
96.23
2005
 
2,337,786
175.5
1.62
1.36
0.56
95.84
2006
 
2,374,793
178.3
1.58
1.35
0.56
95.49
2007
 
2,414,775
181.3
1.68
1.34
0.57
95.18
2008
 
2,402,305
180.4
-0.52
1.34
0.56
95.02
2009
 
2,324,874
174.6
-3.22
1.34
0.54
95.14
2010
 
2,325,641
174.6
0.03
1.35
0.53
95.68
2011
 
2,367,868
177.8
1.82
1.34
0.54
95.86
2012
 
2,389,067
179.4
0.90
1.33
0.54
95.49
2013
 
2,407,581
180.8
0.77
1.32
0.55
94.71
2014
 
2,439,916
183.2
1.34
1.31
0.55
94.45
2015
 
2,473,925
185.7
1.39
1.30
0.56
94.14
2016
 
2,498,703
187.6
1.00
1.29
0.56
94.00
2017
 
2,520,120
189.2
0.86
1.28
0.56
93.64
2018
 
2,546,178
191.2
1.03
1.27
0.57
93.08
2019
 
2,549,943
191.5
0.15
1.26
0.57
92.84
2020
 
2,471,693
185.6
-3.07
1.27
0.55
93.09
2021
 
2,558,304
192.1
3.50
1.26
0.57
92.96
2022
 
2,658,979
199.6
3.94
1.25
0.59
92.45
Source: Calculations by the Kentucky Regional Economic Analysis Project (KY-REAP)
with data provided by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis
November 2023
REAP_PI_CA1400_1000_PSN
 
   

Interactive TableTip: To augment your analysis click on the column headers in the following table to rank and/or sort the data.

   
 
United States:
Total Employment, 1969-2022
 
1969
 
91,053,200
100.0
N
0.45
1970
 
91,277,600
100.2
0.25
0.45
1971
 
91,581,400
100.6
0.33
0.44
1972
 
94,312,200
103.6
2.98
0.45
1973
 
98,427,500
108.1
4.36
0.47
1974
 
100,111,800
109.9
1.71
0.47
1975
 
98,900,600
108.6
-1.21
0.46
1976
 
101,591,200
111.6
2.72
0.47
1977
 
105,042,200
115.4
3.40
0.48
1978
 
109,686,600
120.5
4.42
0.49
1979
 
113,147,100
124.3
3.15
0.50
1980
 
113,983,200
125.2
0.74
0.50
1981
 
114,914,000
126.2
0.82
0.50
1982
 
114,163,300
125.4
-0.65
0.49
1983
 
115,645,700
127.0
1.30
0.49
1984
 
120,528,100
132.4
4.22
0.51
1985
 
123,796,700
136.0
2.71
0.52
1986
 
126,232,300
138.6
1.97
0.53
1987
 
129,548,400
142.3
2.63
0.53
1988
 
133,563,900
146.7
3.10
0.55
1989
 
136,177,800
149.6
1.96
0.55
1990
 
138,330,900
151.9
1.58
0.55
1991
 
137,612,800
151.1
-0.52
0.54
1992
 
138,166,100
151.7
0.40
0.54
1993
 
140,774,400
154.6
1.89
0.54
1994
 
144,196,600
158.4
2.43
0.55
1995
 
147,915,800
162.4
2.58
0.56
1996
 
151,056,200
165.9
2.12
0.56
1997
 
154,541,200
169.7
2.31
0.57
1998
 
158,481,200
174.1
2.55
0.57
1999
 
161,531,300
177.4
1.92
0.58
2000
 
165,370,800
181.6
2.38
0.59
2001
 
165,522,200
181.8
0.09
0.58
2002
 
165,095,100
181.3
-0.26
0.57
2003
 
165,921,500
182.2
0.50
0.57
2004
 
168,839,700
185.4
1.76
0.58
2005
 
172,338,400
189.3
2.07
0.58
2006
 
175,868,600
193.1
2.05
0.59
2007
 
179,543,700
197.2
2.09
0.60
2008
 
179,213,900
196.8
-0.18
0.59
2009
 
173,636,700
190.7
-3.11
0.57
2010
 
172,901,700
189.9
-0.42
0.56
2011
 
176,091,700
193.4
1.84
0.56
2012
 
178,979,700
196.6
1.64
0.57
2013
 
182,328,100
200.2
1.87
0.58
2014
 
186,239,800
204.5
2.15
0.58
2015
 
190,325,800
209.0
2.19
0.59
2016
 
193,425,900
212.4
1.63
0.60
2017
 
196,394,100
215.7
1.53
0.60
2018
 
200,292,200
220.0
1.98
0.61
2019
 
201,635,200
221.4
0.67
0.61
2020
 
195,286,600
214.5
-3.15
0.59
2021
 
202,752,100
222.7
3.82
0.61
2022
 
212,442,000
233.3
4.78
0.64
Source: Calculations by the Kentucky Regional Economic Analysis Project (KY-REAP)
with data provided by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis
November 2023
REAP_PI_CA1400_1000_PN
 
   
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